| dc:title | The Efficacy of Paraprobiotic Lozenges (Lactobacillus helveticus MIMLh5) for the Prevention of Acute and Chronic Nose and Throat Infections in Children |
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| dc:creator | Baljošević, Ivan |
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| dc:creator | Subarevic, Vladan |
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| dc:creator | I. Stankovic, Katarina |
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| dc:creator | A. Bajec-Opancina, Aleksandra |
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| dc:creator | Novkovic, Mladen |
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| dc:creator | G. Petrovic, Masa |
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| dc:subject | paraprobiotics |
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| dc:subject | heat-killed probiotics |
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| dc:subject | lozenges |
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| dc:subject | recurrent tonsillitis |
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| dc:subject | throat infection |
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| dc:subject | pediatric infection |
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| dc:subject | antibiotic use reduction |
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| dc:subject | corticosteroid use |
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| dc:subject | throat culture |
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| dc:subject | school absenteeism |
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| dc:subject | submandibular gland enlargement |
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| dc:description | Background and Objectives: Tonsillitis is common in children and is predominantly caused by viruses and, less frequently, by bacteria such as group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The treatment primarily involves supportive care; however, the overuse of antibiotics remains a concern due to rising antibiotic resistance. Probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus strains, have been shown to modulate immune responses, offering a potential alternative treatment. Materials and Methods: Our prospective single-arm, open-label study included 98 pediatric patients aged 5–15 years with recurrent throat and tonsil infections, from October 2022 to January 2023. Patients received lozenges containing heat-killed Lactobacillus helveticus MIMLh5. Monthly follow-ups involved a comprehensive ear, nose, and throat examination, throat cultures, and recording the frequency of infections and antibiotic use. Data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: After three months, significant reductions were observed in the occurrences of nose and throat infections (p < 0.001), enlarged submandibular glands (p < 0.001), and positive throat cultures (p < 0.001). Antibiotic and corticosteroid prescriptions also significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Among children aged 5–10 years, significant improvements were noted in throat and tonsil infections (p < 0.001) and positive throat cultures (p = 0.012). Overall, there was a substantial reduction in school days missed (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of paraprobiotic Lactobacillus helveticus MIMLh5 lozenges significantly reduced the incidence of recurrent throat and tonsil infections in children, decreased the need for antibiotics and corticosteroids, and improved overall clinical outcomes without adverse effects. These findings support the use of paraprobiotic supplements as a safe and effective preventive measure for pediatric throat and tonsil infections. |
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| dc:publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
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| dc:date | 2024 |
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| dc:type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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| dc:type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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| dc:identifier | https://stomatoloskifakultet.rs/nauka/publikacija/804 |
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| dc:identifier | DOI 10.3390/medicina60081235 |
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| dc:identifier | ISSN 1010-660X |
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| dc:source | Medicina - Lithuania 60(8): 1235 |
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| dc:language | en |
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| dc:rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
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| dc:rights | Sva prava zadržana |
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